3. 6. Research Variables

In this research, researcher focuses on the spirituality aspect that linked to the core competencies to achieve the sustainability. Therefore, the variables of this research are:

1. Independent variables

The independent variables are spirituality values they are: 1) Service, 2) Teaching, 3) Leading, 4) Enthusiasm, 5) Hope, and 6) Hospitality.

2. Dependent variables

Dependent variable is core competencies that consist of: 1) Skilled workforce, 2) Efficient production, and 3) New business development.

Table  3.1.

Operationalization of variables

	Dependent Variables	Sub Variables	Definition	Indicator	Scale
		1. Skilled workforce	Core competence as attracting, retaining, and developing a skilled set of employees, or the input.	1. Attracting and retaining competent employees. 2. Developing necessary skills among employees.	Likert
		2. Efficient production	Achieved competitive advantage through developing an efficient production process staffed by a highly motivated set of employees.	1. Developing efficient production processes. 2. Improving employee motivation and morale.	Likert
		3. New business development	Ability to develop new products, new markets, and new business contracts as a core competence, focusing on the output end.	1. Securing new business contracts. 2. Perceiving new market opportunities and threats. 3. Developing new products.	Likert

Independent variables	Definition	Indicator	scale
1) Service	Closely tuned to everyday needs of persons	Desires to be helpful in specific, concrete ways; warm, caring, and loving; full of good deeds; levelheaded in crisis situations.	Likert
2) Teaching	Willingness to “be an example” for others.	Desires to speak truth in ways that nurture growth; capacity to analyze, explain, and interpret facts.	Likert
3) Leading	Concerned about directions that are according to the purposes and the will of God.	Interested in organization and delegation; confident in “Standing before” others; ability to see needs; hardworking; giving attention to detail.	Likert
4) Enthusiasm	Highly motivated	Ability to bring “sparkle” and excitement to a situation; intense and emotional; feeling of adventure about past, present, and future events.	Likert
5) Hope	Sensitive and aware of spiritual concerns	Optimistic about other persons’ motives and actions; not easily disappointed in person, strong in difficult situations; patient in time of trouble.	Likert
6) Hospitality	Outgoing, informal, and friendly	A “welcoming” attitude to friends and strangers; ability to help others feel “at home” in all kinds of situations; desire to do things for others with no thought of return; willingness to be helpful without being asked.	Likert